Actors

Events

Events enable real-time communication from actors to clients. While clients use actions to send data to actors, events allow actors to push updates to connected clients instantly.

Events work through persistent connections such as WebSocket or SSE.

Publishing Events from Actors

Broadcasting to All Clients

Use c.broadcast(eventName, data) to send events to all connected clients:

TypeScript

import { actor } from "@rivetkit/actor";

const chatRoom = actor({
  state: { 
    messages: [] as Array<{id: string, userId: string, text: string, timestamp: number}>
  },
  
  actions: {
    sendMessage: (c, userId: string, text: string) => {
      const message = {
        id: crypto.randomUUID(),
        userId,
        text,
        timestamp: Date.now()
      };
      
      c.state.messages.push(message);
      
      // Broadcast to all connected clients
      c.broadcast('messageReceived', message);
      
      return message;
    },
  }
});

Sending to Specific Connections

Send events to individual connections using conn.send(eventName, data):

TypeScript

import { actor } from "@rivetkit/actor";

const gameRoom = actor({
  state: { 
    players: {} as Record<string, {health: number, position: {x: number, y: number}}>
  },
  
  createConnState: (c, opts, params: { playerId: string, role?: string }) => ({
    playerId: params.playerId,
    role: params.role || "player"
  }),
  
  actions: {
    sendPrivateMessage: (c, targetPlayerId: string, message: string) => {
      // Find the target player's connection
      const targetConn = c.conns.find(conn => 
        conn.state.playerId === targetPlayerId
      );
      
      if (targetConn) {
        targetConn.send('privateMessage', {
          from: c.conn.state.playerId,
          message,
          timestamp: Date.now()
        });
      } else {
        throw new Error("Player not found or not connected");
      }
    }
  }
});

Send events to all connections except the sender:

TypeScript

import { actor } from "@rivetkit/actor";

const gameRoom = actor({
  state: { 
    players: {} as Record<string, {health: number, position: {x: number, y: number}}>
  },
  
  createConnState: (c, opts, params: { playerId: string, role?: string }) => ({
    playerId: params.playerId,
    role: params.role || "player"
  }),
  
  actions: {
    updatePlayerPosition: (c, position: {x: number, y: number}) => {
      const playerId = c.conn.state.playerId;
      
      if (c.state.players[playerId]) {
        c.state.players[playerId].position = position;
        
        // Send position update to all OTHER players
        for (const conn of c.conns) {
          if (conn.state.playerId !== playerId) {
            conn.send('playerMoved', { playerId, position });
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
});

Subscribing to Events from Clients

Clients must establish a connection to receive events from actors. Use .connect() to create a persistent connection, then listen for events.

Basic Event Subscription

Use connection.on(eventName, callback) to listen for events:

import { createClient } from "@rivetkit/actor/client";
import type { registry } from "./registry";

const client = createClient<typeof registry>("http://localhost:8080");

// Get actor handle and establish connection
const chatRoom = client.chatRoom.getOrCreate(["general"]);
const connection = chatRoom.connect();

// Listen for events
connection.on('messageReceived', (message) => {
  console.log(`${message.userId}: ${message.text}`);
  displayMessage(message);
});

// Call actions through the connection
await connection.sendMessage("user-123", "Hello everyone!");

One-time Event Listeners

Use connection.once(eventName, callback) for events that should only trigger once:

const gameRoom = client.gameRoom.getOrCreate(["room-456"]);
const connection = gameRoom.connect({
  playerId: "player-789",
  role: "player"
});

// Listen for game start (only once)
connection.once('gameStarted', () => {
  console.log('Game has started!');
  showGameInterface();
});

Removing Event Listeners

Use the callback returned from .on() to remove event listeners:

// Add listener
const unsubscribe = connection.on('messageReceived', (message) => {
  console.log("Received:", message);
});

// Remove listener
unsubscribe();

More About Connections

For more details on actor connections, including connection lifecycle, authentication, and advanced connection patterns, see the Connections documentation.